For each of the following sentences, supply the person, number
and tense of the highlighted strong verb (but remember that
finite verbs sometimes are not marked for person—see
Introduction to Old English §7.1.1 for details); then
translate the sentence. All of the verbs for this exercise are
in the indicative mood.
Don’t take the scoring of the translation tasks too seriously:
of course a computer program can’t do a good job of evaluating
a translation.
Ūre cyning liġð on þǣre wælstōwe.
Ūre fȳnd licgað on heora beddum.
Iċ ǣt þone forbodenan æppel.
Iċ ēow ġehāte miċel on golde and on
seolfre.
Crist ārās of dēaðe on þām þriddan
dæġe.
Hīe bǣron þæs biscopes līċ tō Lundene.
Se hlāford āna færð in þurh þæt ġeat.
Þū mē æt hām findst.
Iċ ġeseah þā fuglas on lyfte flēogan.
Hāliġe ġewritu sprecað ymbe Godes tōcyme.
Guðrum se hǣðene cyning cōm tō Ælfrede
and friðes
wilnode.
On ǣfentīd ġewāt iċ of þisse healle.
Wē bǣdon þæt wē ūre wǣpnu habban mōsten.
On Egypta lande ne cymð nǣfre nān winter.
Þū etst gærs swā swā oxa seofon ġēar.
Man hǣt þis īġland Bryten.
Þū mē forġēafe gyldenne bēag.
Hīe wōdlīċe drincað and heora ġewitt
āmyrrað.
Sōðlīċe þā hǣþenan ūðwitan fela þing forlēton.
Hē fēoll niðer on þǣre flōre and ongan
tō hrȳmanne swīðe hlūde.
te01
The verb is licgan ‘to lie’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te01
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te02
The verb is again licgan ‘to lie’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te02
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te03
The verb is (ġe)etan ‘to eat’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te03
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te04
The verb is (ġe)hātan, which has several meanings,
among them ‘to promise’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te04
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te05
This verb is ārīsan ‘to arise’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te05
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te06
The verb is (ġe)beran ‘to bear’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te06
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te07
The verb is (ġe)faran, which comes to Modern English
as ‘fare’; in Old English it means ’travel, go’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te07
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te08
The verb is findan ‘to find’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te08
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te09
The verb is (ġe)sēon ‘to see’. It was already
anomalous in Old English. This sentence employs the common
construction on which a verb of perceiving is followed by an
accusative and infinitive (see Introduction to Old
English § 7.9.1).
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te09
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te10
The verb is (ġe)sprecan ‘to speak’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te10
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te11
The verb is come ‘come’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te11
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te12
The verb is ġewītan ‘depart’, very common in Old
English but in Modern English replaced by ‘depart’ and the
periphrasis ‘go away’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te12
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te13
This verb is biddan ‘to ask’. It survives in Modern
English as ‘bid’, but it is now rare in its original
meaning.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te13
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te14
The verb is cuman again.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te14
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te15
The verb is again etan ‘to eat’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te15
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te16
The verb is again (ġe)hātan, this time in the sense
‘to call’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te16
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te17
The verb is forġifan, which survives in Modern
English as ‘forgive’. That is one of its meanings in Old
English, but it usually means ‘to give’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te17
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te18
The verb is drincan ‘to drink’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te18
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te19
The verb is feallan ‘to fall’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te19
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
te20
Another form of the verb þynċan. The adjective
hrēowliċ, not in the glossary, means ‘sad, cruel’.
- unmarked
- first person
- second person
- third person
te20
Now translate the sentence in the box below. Afterwards you will be shown a correct translation,
and if your account is linked to an instructor’s account, your translation will be available
to your instructor.
Congratulations on finishing the exercise on strong verbs! If
you earned fewer than 110 points, review Introduction to
Old English §7.1.1 and §7.4 and then try this exercise
again.